Uvedba matričnega razreda iz C ++ 11 je ponudila boljšo alternativo za matrike v stilu C. Prednosti razreda matrike nad C-slogom so:-
- Razredi matrike poznajo svojo velikost, medtem ko matriki v stilu C nimajo te lastnosti. Pri prehodu na funkcije nam ni treba prenesti velikosti matrike kot ločen parameter.
- Z nizom v stilu je več tveganja matrika razpada v kazalec . Razredi matrike ne razpadajo v kazalce
- Razredi matrike so na splošno učinkovitejši lahki in zanesljivi kot nizi v stilu C.
Operacije na matriki :-
1. at () :- Ta funkcija se uporablja za dostop do elementov matrike.
2. get () :- Ta funkcija se uporablja tudi za dostop do elementov matrike. Ta funkcija ni član matričnega razreda, ampak preobremenjena funkcija iz razreda Tuple.
3. Operater [] :- To je podobno nizom v stilu C. Ta metoda se uporablja tudi za dostop do elementov matrike.
// C++ code to demonstrate working of array // at() and get() #include #include // for array at() #include // for get() using namespace std; int main() { // Initializing the array elements array<int6> ar = {1 2 3 4 5 6}; // Printing array elements using at() cout << 'The array elements are (using at()) : '; for ( int i=0; i<6; i++) cout << ar.at(i) << ' '; cout << endl; // Printing array elements using get() cout << 'The array elements are (using get()) : '; cout << get<0>(ar) << ' ' << get<1>(ar) << ' '; cout << get<2>(ar) << ' ' << get<3>(ar) << ' '; cout << get<4>(ar) << ' ' << get<5>(ar) << ' '; cout << endl; // Printing array elements using operator[] cout << 'The array elements are (using operator[]) : '; for ( int i=0; i<6; i++) cout << ar[i] << ' '; cout << endl; return 0; }
Izhod
The array elements are (using at()) : 1 2 3 4 5 6 The array elements are (using get()) : 1 2 3 4 5 6 The array elements are (using operator[]) : 1 2 3 4 5 6
4. spredaj () :- To vrne sklicevanje na prvi element matrike.
5. nazaj () :- To vrne sklicevanje na zadnji element matrike.
CPP
// C++ code to demonstrate working of // front() and back() #include #include // including header file to use stl array and there function using namespace std; int main() { // Initializing the array elements array<int6> ar = {1 2 3 4 5 6}; // Printing first element of array cout << 'First element of array is : '; int &a=ar.front(); cout <<a<< endl; // Printing last element of array cout << 'Last element of array is : '; int &b=ar.back(); cout << b << endl; //change first and last element of array using these references a=10; //now 1 change to 10 b=60; //now 6 change to 60 //lets print array now cout<<'array after updating first and last element n'; for (auto x: ar) { cout<<x<<' '; } cout<<endl; return 0; }
Izhod
First element of array is : 1 Last element of array is : 6 array after updating first and last element 10 2 3 4 5 60
6. velikost () :- Vrne število elementov v matriki. To je lastnost, ki jo nimajo nizov v stilu C.
7. max_size () :- Vrne največje število elementov, ki jih lahko vsebuje, to je velikost, s katero je razglašena matrika. Velikost () in max_size () vrneta isto vrednost.
// C++ code to demonstrate working of // size() and max_size() #include #include // for size() and max_size() using namespace std; int main() { // Initializing the array elements array<int6> ar = {1 2 3 4 5 6}; // Printing number of array elements cout << 'The number of array elements is : '; cout << ar.size() << endl; // Printing maximum elements array can hold cout << 'Maximum elements array can hold is : '; cout << ar.max_size() << endl; return 0; }
Izhod
The number of array elements is : 6 Maximum elements array can hold is : 6
8. SWAP () :- Swap () zamenja vse elemente enega matrike z drugim.
CPP// C++ code to demonstrate working of swap() #include #include // for swap() and array using namespace std; int main() { // Initializing 1st array array<int6> ar = {1 2 3 4 5 6}; // Initializing 2nd array array<int6> ar1 = {7 8 9 10 11 12}; // Printing 1st and 2nd array before swapping cout << 'The first array elements before swapping are : '; for (int i=0; i<6; i++) cout << ar[i] << ' '; cout << endl; cout << 'The second array elements before swapping are : '; for (int i=0; i<6; i++) cout << ar1[i] << ' '; cout << endl; // Swapping ar1 values with ar ar.swap(ar1); // Printing 1st and 2nd array after swapping cout << 'The first array elements after swapping are : '; for (int i=0; i<6; i++) cout << ar[i] << ' '; cout << endl; cout << 'The second array elements after swapping are : '; for (int i=0; i<6; i++) cout << ar1[i] << ' '; cout << endl; return 0; }
Izhod
The first array elements before swapping are : 1 2 3 4 5 6 The second array elements before swapping are : 7 8 9 10 11 12 The first array elements after swapping are : 7 8 9 10 11 12 The second array elements after swapping are : 1 2 3 4 5 6
9. prazno () :- Ta funkcija se vrne resnično, ko je velikost matrike nič drugje, vrne napačno.
10. Fill () :- Ta funkcija se uporablja za polnjenje celotnega matrika z določeno vrednostjo.
// C++ code to demonstrate working of empty() // and fill() #include #include // for fill() and empty() using namespace std; int main() { // Declaring 1st array array<int6> ar; // Declaring 2nd array array<int0> ar1; // Checking size of array if it is empty ar1.empty()? cout << 'Array empty': cout << 'Array not empty'; cout << endl; // Filling array with 0 ar.fill(0); // Displaying array after filling cout << 'Array after filling operation is : '; for ( int i=0; i<6; i++) cout << ar[i] << ' '; return 0; }
Izhod
Array empty Array after filling operation is : 0 0 0 0 0 0