Vektor lahko shrani več podatkovnih vrednosti, kot so polja, vendar lahko shranijo le reference objektov in ne primitivnih tipov podatkov. Shranjujejo referenco objekta, kar pomeni, da kažejo na objekte, ki vsebujejo podatke, namesto da bi jih shranili. Za razliko od matrike vektorjev ni treba inicializirati z velikostjo. Imajo možnost prilagajanja glede na število referenc objektov, kar je mogoče, ker njihovo shranjevanje samodejno obravnava vsebnik. Vsebnik bo hranil notranjo kopijo alloc, ki se uporablja za dodeljevanje pomnilnika za vse življenje. Vektorje je mogoče locirati in prečkati z uporabo iteratorjev, zato so postavljeni v neprekinjeno shrambo. Vector ima tudi varnostne funkcije, ki varujejo programe pred zrušitvijo, za razliko od Arrayja. Vektorju lahko damo rezervni prostor, ne pa tudi nizom. Niz ni razred, vektor pa je razred. V vektorju je elemente mogoče brisati, v nizih pa ne.
Z nadrejenim 'razredom zbirke' se vektor pošlje v obliki razreda predloge. Matrika je podatkovna struktura nižje ravni s svojimi posebnimi lastnostmi. Vektorji imajo funkcije in konstruktorje; ne temeljijo na indeksu. So nasprotje nizov, ki so podatkovne strukture, ki temeljijo na indeksu. Tu je najnižji naslov naveden prvemu elementu, najvišji naslov pa zadnjemu elementu. Vektor se uporablja za vstavljanje in brisanje predmeta, medtem ko se polja uporabljajo za pogost dostop do predmetov. Nizi so podatkovne strukture, ki varčujejo s pomnilnikom, medtem ko Vector uporablja veliko več pomnilnika v zameno za upravljanje shranjevanja in dinamično rast. Vector potrebuje več časa za dostop do elementov, vendar to ne velja za polja.
Obstajajo štirje načini inicializacije a vektor v C++ :
- Z vnosom vrednosti eno za drugo
- Z uporabo preobremenjenega konstruktorja vektorskega razreda
- S pomočjo nizov
- Z uporabo drugega inicializiranega vektorja
Z vnosom vrednosti eno za drugo -
Vse elemente v vektorju je mogoče vstaviti enega za drugim z metodo vektorskega razreda 'push_back'.
Algoritem
Begin Declare v of vector type. Then we call push_back() function. This is done to insert values into vector v. Then we print 'Vector elements: '. ' for (int a: v) print all the elements of variable a.'
Koda -
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { vector vec; vec.push_back(1); vec.push_back(2); vec.push_back(3); vec.push_back(4); vec.push_back(5); vec.push_back(6); vec.push_back(7); vec.push_back(8); vec.push_back(9); vec.push_back(101); for (int i = 0; i <vec.size(); i++) { cout << vec[i] ' '; } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/62/initialize-vector-c.webp" alt="Initialize Vector in C++"> <h3>Using an overloaded constructor -</h3> <p>When a vector has multiple elements with the same values, then we use this method.</p> <p>By using an overloaded constructor of the vector class -</p> <p>This method is mainly used when a vector is filled with multiple elements with the same value.</p> <p> <strong>Algorithm</strong> </p> <pre> Begin First, we initialize a variable say 's'. Then we have to create a vector say 'v' with size's'. Then we initialize vector v1. Then initialize v2 by v1. Then we print the elements. End. </pre> <p> <strong>Code -</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { int elements = 12; vector vec(elements, 8); for (int i = 0; i <vec.size(); i++) { cout << vec[i] '
'; } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 </pre> <h3>By the help of arrays -</h3> <p>We pass an array to the constructor of the vector class. The Array contains the elements which will fill the vector.</p> <p> <strong>Algorithm -</strong> </p> <pre> Begin First, we create a vector say v. Then, we initialize the vector. In the end, print the elements. End. </pre> <p> <strong>Code -</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { vector vectr{9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0}; for (int i = 0; i <vectr.size(); i++) { cout << vectr[i] '
'; } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 </pre> <h3>Using another initialized vector -</h3> <p>Here, we have to pass the begin() and end() iterators of an initialized vector to a vector class constructor. Then we initialize a new vector and fill it with the old vector.</p> <p> <strong>Algorithm -</strong> </p> <pre> Begin First, we have to create a vector v1. Then, we have to initialize vector v1 by an array. Then we initialize vector v2 by v1. We have to print the elements. End. </pre> <p> <strong>Code -</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { vector vec_1{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}; vector vec_2(vec_1.begin(), vec_1.end()); for (int i = 0; i <vec_2.size(); i++) { cout << vec_2[i] '
'; } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 </pre> <hr></vec_2.size();></pre></vectr.size();></pre></vec.size();></pre></vec.size();> Koda -
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { int elements = 12; vector vec(elements, 8); for (int i = 0; i <vec.size(); i++) { cout << vec[i] \'
\'; } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 </pre> <h3>By the help of arrays -</h3> <p>We pass an array to the constructor of the vector class. The Array contains the elements which will fill the vector.</p> <p> <strong>Algorithm -</strong> </p> <pre> Begin First, we create a vector say v. Then, we initialize the vector. In the end, print the elements. End. </pre> <p> <strong>Code -</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { vector vectr{9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0}; for (int i = 0; i <vectr.size(); i++) { cout << vectr[i] \'
\'; } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 </pre> <h3>Using another initialized vector -</h3> <p>Here, we have to pass the begin() and end() iterators of an initialized vector to a vector class constructor. Then we initialize a new vector and fill it with the old vector.</p> <p> <strong>Algorithm -</strong> </p> <pre> Begin First, we have to create a vector v1. Then, we have to initialize vector v1 by an array. Then we initialize vector v2 by v1. We have to print the elements. End. </pre> <p> <strong>Code -</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { vector vec_1{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}; vector vec_2(vec_1.begin(), vec_1.end()); for (int i = 0; i <vec_2.size(); i++) { cout << vec_2[i] \'
\'; } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 </pre> <hr></vec_2.size();></pre></vectr.size();></pre></vec.size();> S pomočjo nizov -
Matriko posredujemo konstruktorju vektorskega razreda. Array vsebuje elemente, ki bodo zapolnili vektor.
Algoritem -
Begin First, we create a vector say v. Then, we initialize the vector. In the end, print the elements. End.
Koda -
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { vector vectr{9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0}; for (int i = 0; i <vectr.size(); i++) { cout << vectr[i] \'
\'; } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 </pre> <h3>Using another initialized vector -</h3> <p>Here, we have to pass the begin() and end() iterators of an initialized vector to a vector class constructor. Then we initialize a new vector and fill it with the old vector.</p> <p> <strong>Algorithm -</strong> </p> <pre> Begin First, we have to create a vector v1. Then, we have to initialize vector v1 by an array. Then we initialize vector v2 by v1. We have to print the elements. End. </pre> <p> <strong>Code -</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { vector vec_1{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}; vector vec_2(vec_1.begin(), vec_1.end()); for (int i = 0; i <vec_2.size(); i++) { cout << vec_2[i] \'
\'; } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 </pre> <hr></vec_2.size();></pre></vectr.size();> Uporaba drugega inicializiranega vektorja -
Tukaj moramo posredovati iteratorja begin() in end() inicializiranega vektorja konstruktorju vektorskega razreda. Nato inicializiramo nov vektor in ga zapolnimo s starim vektorjem.
Algoritem -
Begin First, we have to create a vector v1. Then, we have to initialize vector v1 by an array. Then we initialize vector v2 by v1. We have to print the elements. End.
Koda -
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { vector vec_1{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}; vector vec_2(vec_1.begin(), vec_1.end()); for (int i = 0; i <vec_2.size(); i++) { cout << vec_2[i] \\'
\\'; } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 </pre> <hr></vec_2.size();>