Ta tema bo razpravljala o tem, kako lahko dane nize razdelimo v eno besedo v Programski jezik C++ . Ko skupino besed ali zbirko nizov razdelimo na posamezne besede, to imenujemo the razdeliti ali delitev niza. Vendar pa je razdelitev nizov možna le z nekaterimi ločili, kot so presledek ( ), vejica (,), vezaj (-) itd., zaradi česar so besede posamezne. Poleg tega ni vnaprej določene funkcije split za razdelitev zbirke nizov v posamezen niz. Torej, tukaj se bomo naučili različnih metod za razdelitev nizov v enega v C++.
Drugačna metoda za doseganje razdelitve nizov v C++
- Za razdelitev nizov uporabite funkcijo strtok().
- Za razdelitev nizov uporabite funkcijo split() po meri
- Za razdelitev niza uporabite funkcijo std::getline().
- Za razdelitev niza uporabite funkcijo find() in substr().
Za razdelitev nizov uporabite funkcijo strtok().
strtok(): Funkcija strtok() se uporablja za razdelitev izvirnega niza na dele ali žetone na podlagi posredovanega ločila.
Sintaksa
char *ptr = strtok( str, delim)
V zgornji sintaksi ima strtok() dva parametra, str , in delim .
str : str je izvirni niz, iz katerega funkcija strtok() razdeli nize.
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delim : To je znak, ki se uporablja za razdelitev niza. Na primer vejica (,), presledek ( ), vezaj (-) itd.
Vrnitev : vrne kazalec, ki se sklicuje na naslednje znakovne žetone. Na začetku kaže na prvi žeton nizov.
Opomba: Funkcija strtok() spremeni izvirni niz in postavi znak NULL (' ') na mesto ločila pri vsakem klicu funkcije strtok(). Na ta način lahko enostavno sledi statusu žetona.
Program za razdelitev nizov s funkcijo strtok().
Oglejmo si primer razdelitve niza v C++ s funkcijo strtok().
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Program.cpp
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { char str[100]; // declare the size of string cout << ' Enter a string: ' <<endl; cin.getline(str, 100); use getline() function to read a string from input stream char *ptr; declare ptr pointer ' , '); strtok() separate using comma (,) delimiter. cout <<
split function: endl; while loop check is not null (ptr !="NULL)" { print the token (null, } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter a string: Learn how to split a string in C++ using the strtok() function. Split string using strtok() function: Learn how to split a string in C++ Using the strtok() function. </pre> <h3>Program to use custom split() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's write a program to split sequences of strings in C++ using a custom split() function.</p> <p> <strong>Program2.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #define max 8 // define the max string using namespace std; string strings[max]; // define max string // length of the string int len(string str) { int length = 0; for (int i = 0; str[i] != ' '; i++) { length++; } return length; } // create custom split() function void split (string str, char seperator) { int currIndex = 0, i = 0; int startIndex = 0, endIndex = 0; while (i <= len(str)) { if (str[i]="=" seperator || i="=" endindex="i;" string substr ; substr.append(str, startindex, - startindex); strings[currindex]="subStr;" currindex +="1;" startindex="endIndex" 1; } i++; int main() str="Program to split strings using custom split function." char space split(str, seperator); cout <<' the split is: '; for (int < max; i++) << '
: ' strings[i]; return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> The split string is: i : 0 Program i : 1 to i : 2 split i : 3 strings i : 4 using i : 5 custom i : 6 split i : 7 function. </pre> <h3>Use std::getline() function to split string</h3> <p>A getline() function is a standard library function of C++ used to read the string from an input stream and put them into the vector string until delimiter characters are found. We can use <strong>std::getline()</strong> function by importing the header file.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> getline(str, token, delim); </pre> <p>It has three parameters:</p> <p> <strong>str:</strong> A str is a variable that stores original string.</p> <p> <strong>token:</strong> It stores the string tokens extracted from original string.</p> <p> <strong>delim:</strong> It is a character that are used to split the string. For example, comma (,), space ( ), hyphen (-), etc.</p> <h3>Program to use getline() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's consider an example to split strings using the getline() function in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program3.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string S, T; // declare string variables getline(cin, S); // use getline() function to read a line of string and store into S variable. stringstream X(S); // X is an object of stringstream that references the S string // use while loop to check the getline() function condition while (getline(X, T, ' ')) { /* X represents to read the string from stringstream, T use for store the token string and, ' ' whitespace represents to split the string where whitespace is found. */ cout << T << endl; // print split string } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. </pre> <h3>Program to split the given string using the getline() function</h3> <p>Let's consider an example to split a given string in C++ using the getline() function.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include void split_str( std::string const &str, const char delim, std::vector &out ) { // create a stream from the string std::stringstream s(str); std::string s2; while (std:: getline (s, s2, delim) ) { out.push_back(s2); // store the string in s2 } } int main() { std:: string s2 = 'Learn How to split a string in C++'; const char delim = ' '; /* define the delimiter like space (' '), comma (,), hyphen (-), etc. */ std::cout << 'Your given string is: ' << s2; std::vector out; // store the string in vector split_str (s2, delim, out); // call function to split the string // use range based for loop for (const auto &s2: out) { std::cout << '
' << s2; } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your given string is: Learn How to split a string in C++ Learn How to split a string in C++ </pre> <h3>Use find() and substr() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's write a program to use find() function and substr() function to split given strings in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { // given string with delimiter string given_str = 'How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++'; string delim = '_'; // delimiter cout << ' Your string with delimiter is: ' << given_str << endl; size_t pos = 0; string token1; // define a string variable // use find() function to get the position of the delimiters while (( pos = given_str.find (delim)) != std::string::npos) { token1 = given_str.substr(0, pos); // store the substring cout << token1 << endl; given_str.erase(0, pos + delim.length()); /* erase() function store the current positon and move to next token. */ } cout << given_str << endl; // it print last token of the string. } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your string with delimiter is: How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++ How to split a string using find() and substr() function in C++ </pre> <p>In the above program, we use a <strong>find()</strong> function inside the loop to repeatedly find the occurrence of the delimiter in the given string and then split it into tokens when the delimiter occurs. And the <strong>substr()</strong> function stores the sub-string to be printed. On the other hand, an erase() function stores the current position of the string and moves to the next token, and this process continues until we have got all the split strings.</p> <hr></=></pre></endl;> Program za uporabo funkcije split() po meri za razdelitev nizov
Napišimo program za razdelitev zaporedij nizov v C++ z uporabo funkcije split() po meri.
Program2.cpp
#include #include #define max 8 // define the max string using namespace std; string strings[max]; // define max string // length of the string int len(string str) { int length = 0; for (int i = 0; str[i] != ' '; i++) { length++; } return length; } // create custom split() function void split (string str, char seperator) { int currIndex = 0, i = 0; int startIndex = 0, endIndex = 0; while (i <= len(str)) { if (str[i]="=" seperator || i="=" endindex="i;" string substr ; substr.append(str, startindex, - startindex); strings[currindex]="subStr;" currindex +="1;" startindex="endIndex" 1; } i++; int main() str="Program to split strings using custom split function." char space split(str, seperator); cout <<\' the split is: \'; for (int < max; i++) << \'
: \' strings[i]; return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> The split string is: i : 0 Program i : 1 to i : 2 split i : 3 strings i : 4 using i : 5 custom i : 6 split i : 7 function. </pre> <h3>Use std::getline() function to split string</h3> <p>A getline() function is a standard library function of C++ used to read the string from an input stream and put them into the vector string until delimiter characters are found. We can use <strong>std::getline()</strong> function by importing the header file.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> getline(str, token, delim); </pre> <p>It has three parameters:</p> <p> <strong>str:</strong> A str is a variable that stores original string.</p> <p> <strong>token:</strong> It stores the string tokens extracted from original string.</p> <p> <strong>delim:</strong> It is a character that are used to split the string. For example, comma (,), space ( ), hyphen (-), etc.</p> <h3>Program to use getline() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's consider an example to split strings using the getline() function in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program3.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string S, T; // declare string variables getline(cin, S); // use getline() function to read a line of string and store into S variable. stringstream X(S); // X is an object of stringstream that references the S string // use while loop to check the getline() function condition while (getline(X, T, ' ')) { /* X represents to read the string from stringstream, T use for store the token string and, ' ' whitespace represents to split the string where whitespace is found. */ cout << T << endl; // print split string } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. </pre> <h3>Program to split the given string using the getline() function</h3> <p>Let's consider an example to split a given string in C++ using the getline() function.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include #include #include void split_str( std::string const &str, const char delim, std::vector &out ) { // create a stream from the string std::stringstream s(str); std::string s2; while (std:: getline (s, s2, delim) ) { out.push_back(s2); // store the string in s2 } } int main() { std:: string s2 = 'Learn How to split a string in C++'; const char delim = ' '; /* define the delimiter like space (' '), comma (,), hyphen (-), etc. */ std::cout << 'Your given string is: ' << s2; std::vector out; // store the string in vector split_str (s2, delim, out); // call function to split the string // use range based for loop for (const auto &s2: out) { std::cout << '
' << s2; } return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your given string is: Learn How to split a string in C++ Learn How to split a string in C++ </pre> <h3>Use find() and substr() function to split strings</h3> <p>Let's write a program to use find() function and substr() function to split given strings in C++.</p> <p> <strong>Program4.cpp</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { // given string with delimiter string given_str = 'How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++'; string delim = '_'; // delimiter cout << ' Your string with delimiter is: ' << given_str << endl; size_t pos = 0; string token1; // define a string variable // use find() function to get the position of the delimiters while (( pos = given_str.find (delim)) != std::string::npos) { token1 = given_str.substr(0, pos); // store the substring cout << token1 << endl; given_str.erase(0, pos + delim.length()); /* erase() function store the current positon and move to next token. */ } cout << given_str << endl; // it print last token of the string. } </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Your string with delimiter is: How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++ How to split a string using find() and substr() function in C++ </pre> <p>In the above program, we use a <strong>find()</strong> function inside the loop to repeatedly find the occurrence of the delimiter in the given string and then split it into tokens when the delimiter occurs. And the <strong>substr()</strong> function stores the sub-string to be printed. On the other hand, an erase() function stores the current position of the string and moves to the next token, and this process continues until we have got all the split strings.</p> <hr></=> Za razdelitev niza uporabite funkcijo std::getline().
Funkcija getline() je standardna knjižnična funkcija C++, ki se uporablja za branje niza iz vhodnega toka in njihovo vstavljanje v vektorski niz, dokler niso najdeni ločilni znaki. Lahko uporabimo std::getline() funkcijo z uvozom datoteke glave.
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Sintaksa
getline(str, token, delim);
Ima tri parametre:
str: Str je spremenljivka, ki shrani izvirni niz.
žeton: Shranjuje žetone nizov, ekstrahirane iz izvirnega niza.
delim: To je znak, ki se uporablja za razdelitev niza. Na primer vejica (,), presledek ( ), vezaj (-) itd.
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Program za uporabo funkcije getline() za razdelitev nizov
Oglejmo si primer razdelitve nizov s funkcijo getline() v C++.
Program3.cpp
#include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string S, T; // declare string variables getline(cin, S); // use getline() function to read a line of string and store into S variable. stringstream X(S); // X is an object of stringstream that references the S string // use while loop to check the getline() function condition while (getline(X, T, ' ')) { /* X represents to read the string from stringstream, T use for store the token string and, ' ' whitespace represents to split the string where whitespace is found. */ cout << T << endl; // print split string } return 0; } Izhod
Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language. Welcome to the JavaTpoint and Learn C++ Programming Language.
Program za razdelitev podanega niza s funkcijo getline().
Oglejmo si primer razdelitve danega niza v C++ s funkcijo getline().
Program4.cpp
#include #include #include #include void split_str( std::string const &str, const char delim, std::vector &out ) { // create a stream from the string std::stringstream s(str); std::string s2; while (std:: getline (s, s2, delim) ) { out.push_back(s2); // store the string in s2 } } int main() { std:: string s2 = 'Learn How to split a string in C++'; const char delim = ' '; /* define the delimiter like space (' '), comma (,), hyphen (-), etc. */ std::cout << 'Your given string is: ' << s2; std::vector out; // store the string in vector split_str (s2, delim, out); // call function to split the string // use range based for loop for (const auto &s2: out) { std::cout << '
' << s2; } return 0; } Izhod
Your given string is: Learn How to split a string in C++ Learn How to split a string in C++
Za razdelitev nizov uporabite funkcijo find() in substr().
Napišimo program za uporabo funkcij find() in substr() za razdelitev danih nizov v C++.
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Program4.cpp
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { // given string with delimiter string given_str = 'How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++'; string delim = '_'; // delimiter cout << ' Your string with delimiter is: ' << given_str << endl; size_t pos = 0; string token1; // define a string variable // use find() function to get the position of the delimiters while (( pos = given_str.find (delim)) != std::string::npos) { token1 = given_str.substr(0, pos); // store the substring cout << token1 << endl; given_str.erase(0, pos + delim.length()); /* erase() function store the current positon and move to next token. */ } cout << given_str << endl; // it print last token of the string. } Izhod
Your string with delimiter is: How_to_split_a_string_using_find()_and_substr()_function_in_C++ How to split a string using find() and substr() function in C++
V zgornjem programu uporabljamo a najti() funkcija znotraj zanke za večkratno iskanje ločila v danem nizu in ga nato razdeli na žetone, ko se pojavi ločilo. In substr() funkcija shrani podniz za tiskanje. Po drugi strani pa funkcija erase() shrani trenutni položaj niza in se premakne na naslednji žeton, ta postopek pa se nadaljuje, dokler ne dobimo vseh razdeljenih nizov.